What Base64 is for
Base64 is a way to represent arbitrary binary data using only 64 printable ASCII characters. It was invented for email at a time when SMTP could not reliably carry 8-bit binary bytes, and it has since become the default encoding for embedding small binaries in text formats: images inlined in HTML and CSS via data: URLs, attachments in JSON-based APIs, JWT headers and payloads, and credentials passed in HTTP Basic Authentication headers.
Standard vs URL-safe
Standard Base64 uses the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, plus (+), and slash (/), with equals (=) as padding. The plus and slash characters have special meaning in URLs and filenames, which makes the standard variant inconvenient for tokens. The URL-safe variant (RFC 4648) substitutes minus (-) and underscore (_) for those two characters, and the padding is usually stripped. Toggle the option in the tool to switch between the two.
File encoding
Click "Encode file..." to convert any file (image, PDF, font, JSON) into a Base64 data URL with the correct MIME prefix. The result is ready to paste into an HTML img tag, a CSS background, or a JSON field. Because everything runs locally, even large files stay in your browser.